Advice sent in 1750 by Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield, to
his son Philip on how to attain success in the world:
1. Be wiser than other people if you can; but do not tell them so.
2. An injury is much sooner forgotten than an insult.
3. Without some dissimulation no business can be carried on at all.
4. I am sure that since I have had the full use of my reason, nobody
has ever heard me laugh.
5. The manner is often as important as the matter, sometimes more so.
6. Speak of the moderns without contempt, and of the ancients without
idolatry.
7. I really know nothing more criminal, more mean, and more
ridiculous than lying. It is the production either of malice,
cowardice, or vanity; and generally misses of its aim in every one
of these views; for lies are always detected, sooner or later.
8. Never seem wiser, nor more learned, than the people you are
with. Wear your learning, like your watch, in a private pocket:
and do not pull it out and strike it; merely to show that you have
one.
9. The characteristic of a well-bred man is, to converse with his
inferiors without insolence, and with his superiors with respect
and with ease.
10. Knowledge may give weight, but accomplishments give luster, and
many more people see than weigh.
11. It is a great advantage for any man to be able to talk or hear,
neither ignorantly nor absurdly, upon any subject; for I have
known people, who have not said one word, hear ignorantly and
absurdly; it has appeared by their inattentive and unmeaning
faces.
12. A proper secrecy is the only mystery of able men; mystery is the
only secrecy of weak and cunning ones.
13. In short, let it be your maxim through life, to know all you can
know, yourself; and never to trust implicitly to the informations
of others.
14. It is an undoubted truth, that the less one has to do, the less
time one finds to do it in. One yawns, one procrastinates, one can
do it when one will, and therefore one seldom does it at all.
15. It is commonly said, and more particularly by Lord Shaftesbury,
that ridicule is the best test of truth.
16. Let blockheads read what blockheads wrote.
17. The reputation of generosity is to be purchased pretty cheap; it
does not depend so much upon a man’s general expense, as it does
upon his giving handsomely where it is proper to give at all. A
man, for instance, who should give a servant four shillings, would
pass for covetous, while he who gave him a crown, would be
reckoned generous; so that the difference of those two opposite
characters, turns upon one shilling.
18. Let this be one invariable rule of your conduct — never to show
the least symptom of resentment, which you cannot, to a certain
degree, gratify; but always to smile, where you cannot strike.
He wrote in 1750 : "I wish to God, that you had as much pleasure in
following my advice, as I have in giving it to you."